Orthopaedics: Structural support

In the 1960s, a remarkable substance called etidronate came into use as an effective treatment for bone problems. Etidronate is a bisphosphonate, a class of material known since the late 1800s to inhibit metal crystallization and corrosion, a feature that led to its wide usage in the oil and gas industry. More than 60 years later, researchers at Proctor & Gamble found that bisphosphonates are just as effective at preventing the destruction of bones in the human body as they are at stopping metal degradation. Proctor & Gamble began marketing etidronate as Didronel, and it soon became a standard treatment for muscle calcification, Paget's disease of bone, heterotropic ossification (in which bone is formed outside the skeleton), menopausal osteoporosis and, finally, bone degradation in multiple myeloma. Nature 480, S56–S57; (15 December 2011) PDF

Effects of in vivo mechanical loading on large bone defect regeneration.

Fracture healing is highly sensitive to mechanical conditions; however, the effects of mechanical loading on large bone defect regeneration have not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of functional loading on repair of critically sized segmental bone defects. Boerckel JD, Kolambkar YM, Stevens HY, Lin AS, Dupont KM, Guldberg RE. J Orthop Res. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22170172 PDF

The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume [Epub ahead of print]

1. Isolated, extra-articular neck and shaft fractures of the 4th and 5th metacarpals: a comparison of transverse and bouquet (intra-medullary) pinning in 67 patients. Sletten IN, Nordsletten L, Husby T, Odegaard RA, Hellund JC, Kvernmo HD. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22170245

2. Reconstruction of hypoplastic thumb using hemi-longitudinal metatarsal transfer. Chow CS, Ho PC, Tse WL, Hung LK. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22170244

3. Repair of a palmar soft tissue defect of the proximal interphalangeal joint with a transposition flap from the dorsum of the proximal phalanx. Zhang X, Shao X, Zhu M, Jiang R, Feng Y, Ren C. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22170242

Does team training save lives? A new science gives it a rigorous evaluation

Whether the task is flying a plane, fighting a battle, or caring for a patient, good teamwork is crucial to getting it done right. That's why team-building and training courses are big business in the U.S., and have been for decades. But lately something has changed: "There's a demand for evaluations—an emphasis on showing that team training makes a difference in safety, decision-making, communication, clinical outcomes—you name the ultimate criteria the industry has," says Eduardo Salas, an organizational psychologist at the University of Central Florida.

The answer to that demand is the subject of a new article in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a publication of the Association for Psychological Science. Eurekalert!

Supination stress of the great toe for assessing intraoperative correction of hallux valgus.

Supination stress of the great toe was an effective maneuver for assessing intraoperative correction of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus, and reduction of the sesamoids. Okuda R, Yasuda T, Jotoku T, Shima H. J Orthop Sci. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22170521

A case series featuring extremely short below-knee stumps.

Lower limb amputations should be evaluated carefully, especially with regard to the possibility of preserving the knee joint to enable a more physiological gait and lower energy consumption. Below-knee amputations were performed immediately below the tibial tuberosity with maintenance of the insertion of the patellar tendon, resulting in very short, but functional stumps. This case study examined whether very short below-knee stumps allow a more functional gait, as compared to more proximal amputations. Carvalho JA, Mongon MD, Belangero WD, Livani B. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22170876

Finding the Best PDF Management App for Healthcare Professionals

Finding the Best PDF Management App for Healthcare Professionals [Part 1]. A key function of any mobile device is file management. For healthcare professionals, management of our electronic library of PDFs – journal articles, interesting talks, and so on – can be particularly painful. This is especially true for our oncology and cardiology colleagues, for whom a new trial is released seemingly every day. Every day, physicians, nurses, PA’s, and other healthcare professionals read and use PDFs on mobile devices for functions ranging from a quick literature review to inform clinical decisions to annotating notes during a lecture.

Finding the Best PDF Management App for Healthcare Professionals [Part 2]. n the first part of this two part series, we looked at iBooks, Dropbox, iAnnotate, and Goodreader. Now in Part 2, we’ll look at Papers, Sente, and PDF Expert – and name our pick for best PDF management app for healthcare professionals. iMedicalApps

Team designs a bandage that spurs, guides blood vessel growth

Researchers have developed a bandage that stimulates and directs blood vessel growth on the surface of a wound. The bandage, called a "microvascular stamp," contains living cells that deliver growth factors to damaged tissues in a defined pattern. After a week, the pattern of the stamp "is written in blood vessels," the researchers report. A paper describing the new approach will appear as the January 2012 cover article of the journal Advanced Materials.

"Any kind of tissue you want to rebuild, including bone, muscle or skin, is highly vascularized," said University of Illinois chemical and biomolecular engineering professor Hyunjoon Kong, a co-principal investigator on the study with electrical and computer engineering professor Rashid Bashir. "But one of the big challenges in recreating vascular networks is how we can control the growth and spacing of new blood vessels." Eurekalert!

University of Maryland finds restricting post-surgery blood transfusion is safe for some hip patients

More than half of the older, anemic patients in a New England Journal of Medicine study did not need blood transfusions as they recovered from hip surgery, according to new research co-authored by University of Maryland School of Medicine scientists. The findings could immediately change the way such patients are treated.

Doctors have long assumed that transfusions strengthen patients weakened by anemia, improving their chances at recovery from surgery after hip fracture. But the North American study of more than 2,000 patients found no significant difference in rate of recovery between patients who received transfusions at a moderate level of anemia and those who did not receive transfusions until their anemia was more advanced. Eurekalert!

New on Audio Digest

CHALLENGING FRACTURES
Orthopaedics
Volume 34, Issue 24
December 21, 2011
Low–energy distal radius fractures in osteoporotic bone: does the strategy change? – Leon S. Benson, MD
High–energy pediatric hip fractures: how to recognize and treat – Andrea S. Kramer, MD
Open reduction and internal fixation for displaced femoral neck fractures – David Stephen, MD
Calcaneal fractures: tips and pearls – John G. Anderson, MD

INNOVATIVE THERAPIES FOR KNEE INJURIES
Orthopaedics
Volume 34, Issue 23
December 7, 2011
What's new in ACL reconstruction? – Nick Mohtadi, MD
Current concepts in treating focal cartilage defects – Dr. Mohtadi

Review of Vue Motion Medical Image Viewer, the first HTML5 based and FDA approved radiology viewer

As we recently reported, Carestream has received FDA clearance for its Vue Motion HTML5 based medical image viewer. This is a major step forward in ensuring cross-platform availability, theoretically making it accessible from any device that has a web browser.

Although other vendors have released apps for the iPad and other tablets to access their PACS systems, Vue Motion is the first web-based viewer that we know of that can be accessed from tablets without installing additional software. iMedicalapps

Patients at risk of knee joint complications when new technology is used

Orthopaedic surgeons face a steep learning curve to get used to new prostheses, and the instruments and methods that go with them, before new total knee replacement procedures are as safe and effective as conventional methods. Patients who undergo the first 15 operations using a new device in a hospital are 48 percent more likely to need early revision surgery, than patients undergoing an operation to fit a prosthesis previously used in the hospital. The work by Mikko Peltola from the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland, and colleagues, is published online in Springer's journal, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. MedicalXpress

Introducing a Knee Endoprosthesis Model Increases Risk of Early Revision Surgery   PDF

Studying for the OITE or ABOS? Pycnogenol® found to improve memory and test scores in college students in new clinical trial

Keeping your brain in shape…no sweat. Health-conscious consumers may not realize that supplementing a healthy diet is just as important to maintaining mental performance as it is to maintaining six-pack abs. Natural supplements are an easy, effective way to manage mental focus, memory and overall mood. Natural supplement Pycnogenol® (pic-noj-en-all), an antioxidant plant extract from the bark of the French maritime pine tree, was found to significantly enhance mental performance in healthy college students in a recent clinical trial published in Panminerva Medica. Eurekalert!

ResolutionMD iPad radiology viewer live demonstration at mHealth Summit

The mHealth Summit 2011 is in full swing and there are many exciting booths and demonstrations available to see. We recently reported that ResolutionMD has received FDA clearance for its mobile radiology viewing system. The platform is available as a free downloadable demo “lite” version via iTunes. iMedicalApps

It's all in the wrapping: Mimicking periosteum to heal traumatic bone injury

Tested on sheep in Switzerland, the surgical elastic "implant device," essentially a wrapping that mimics bone's own sock-like sheath called periosteum, delivered stem cells, growth factors and other natural components of the periosteum to heal a defect that would not heal on its own if left untreated. In experimental groups exhibiting best outcomes, a dense network of new bone filled the defect, from the surgical elastic wrapping on the outside towards the steel intramedullary nail that stabilized the bone on the inside, bridging old with new bone.

Melissa Knothe Tate, a joint professor of biomedical engineering and mechanical & aerospace engineering at Case Western Reserve University; Ulf Knothe, an orthopedic surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic, as well as Hana Chang and Shannon Moore, graduate students in Knothe Tate's lab, report their work in today's issue of PLoS ONE. Surgical Membranes as Directional Delivery Devices to Generate Tissue: Testing in an Ovine Critical Sized Defect Model (PDF)

Journal of Surgical Education: in press, corrected proofs

An Analysis of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Rehabilitation Section

Practice-Based Learning and Improvement: A Two-Year Experience with the Reporting of Morbidity and Mortality Cases by General Surgery Residents

Use of Breast Simulators Compared with Standardized Patients in Teaching the Clinical Breast Examination to Medical Students

Speaking From the Heart: End-of-Life Discussions in the ICU From the Surgeon's Perspective

Trauma Leadership: Does Perception Drive Reality?

Gaming Used as an Informal Instructional Technique: Effects on Learner Knowledge and Satisfaction

Attracting Students to Surgical Careers: Preclinical Surgical Experience

AAOS - Top Stories

2012 MPFS presents problems for orthopaedics

Orthopaedic reading

Perioperative management of the obese pediatric patient

Data, quality measures will drive payment policies

Reporting repeat procedures in the global period

Preventing muscle loss after surgery

Helical plate fixation for treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal and middle one-third of the humerus.

When an operative treatment is indicated for comminuted fractures of the proximal and middle one-third of the humerus, plate fixation is one of the better options. However, a long plate must be applied from the lateral aspect of the greater tuberosity to the shaft of the humerus, which requires dissection of the deltoid muscle insertion. Yang KH. Injury. 2005 Jan;36(1):75-80. PMID: 15589919 PDF

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery [Epub ahead of print]

Radiation exposure during 3D fluoroscopy of the knee: an experimental study

Abstract

Purpose

To measure the radiation exposure at the knee and surrounding area during the use of 3D fluoroscopy.

Methods

An experimental study was conducted by using a human cadaveric knee as a focus point for the 3D fluoroscope. An isocentric C-arm fluoroscope machine was applied on the lateral side of the knee. The radiation dosage at the focus point and surrounding area was measured. The mean radiation exposure in each location was compared between low- and high-resolution scanning.

Results

The mean radiation sustained at the focus point was 44.0 ± 5.6 μSv and 20.0 ± 1.0 μSv in high- and low-resolution scanning, respectively. Radiation exposure on the opposite side of the C-arm machine was found to be higher than that on the other locations with the same distance from the focus point. In low-resolution scanning, radiation could not be detected beyond 75 cm from the focus point at the proximal, distal and same side of the machine. Radiation could be measured at a distance of up to 1.25 m on the opposite side of the machine. In high-resolution scanning, radiation could be measured at a distance of up to 1 m at the proximal, distal and same side of the C-arm, but up to 1.5 m on the opposite side.

Conclusion

Radiation exposure during 3D fluoroscopy of the knee decreases with increasing distance from the focus point. A higher number of scans in the high-resolution mode causes greater radiation exposure. In isocentric 3D fluoroscopy of the knee, a safe zone is located at least 1.5 m away from the focus point.

• Content Type Journal Article
• Category Original Article
• Pages 1-5
• DOI 10.1007/s00068-011-0165-7
• Authors
  • T. Tharmviboonsri, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • K. Riansuwan, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • A. Nitising, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • B. Mahaisavariya, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

• Journal European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
• Online ISSN 1863-9941
• Print ISSN 1863-9933

Traditional weight-based vancomycin dosing is inadequate in critically ill trauma patients

The influence of coagulation and inflammation research on the improvement of polytrauma care

Technological advancements in the care of the trauma patient

Results of the femur fractures treated with the new selfdynamisable internal fixator (SIF)

Indian Journal of Orthopaedic - Open Access via PubMed Central

1. Femoral tunnel-interference screw divergence in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft: A comparison of two techniques. Sabat D, Arora S. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):583-4. No abstract available. PMID: 22144759 Free PMC Article

2. Tranexamic acid for control of blood loss in bilateral total knee replacement in a single stage. Raviraja A, Anand A. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):581. No abstract available. PMID: 22144757 Free PMC Article

3. Complex multilevel lumbar spine fractures with transverse sacral fracture. Chaudhary K, Potdar P, Bapat M. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):576-80. PMID: 22144756 Free PMC Article

4. Myositis ossificans around shoulder following military training programme. Kir MC, Ozdemir MT.

Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):573-5. PMID: 22144755 Free PMC Article 

5. Gorham's disease of femur. Baba AN, Bhat YJ, Paljor SD, Nazir A, Khan NA. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):565-8. PMID: 22144753 Free PMC Article

6. Arterio-venous fistula following a lumbar disc surgery. Mulaudzi TV, Sikhosana MH. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):563-4. PMID: 22144752 Free PMC Article

7. Outcome of tendon transfer for radial nerve paralysis: Comparison of three methods. Moussavi AA, Saied A, Karbalaeikhani A. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):558-62. PMID: 22144751 Free PMC Article

8. Reliability of ultrasonographic measurements in suspected patients of developmental dysplasia of the hip and correlation with the acetabular index. Copuroglu C, Ozcan M, Aykac B, Tuncer B, Saridogan K.

Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):553-7. PMID: 22144750 Free PMC Article

9. Utility of combined hip abduction angle for hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy. Divecha A, Bhaskar A. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):548-52. PMID: 22144749 Free PMC Article

10. Salvage of infected total knee arthroplasty with Ilizarov external fixator. Reddy VG, Kumar RV, Mootha AK, Thayi C, Kantesaria P, Reddy D. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):541-7. PMID: 22144748 Free PMC Article

11. Antibiotic-impregnated articulating cement spacer for infected total knee arthroplasty. Garg P, Ranjan R, Bandyopadhyay U, Chouksey S, Mitra S, Gupta SK. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):535-540. PMID: 22144747 Free PMC Article

12. Dynamic vs static external fixation of distal radial fractures: A randomized study. Kulshrestha V, Roy T, Audige L. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):527-34. PMID: 22144746 Free PMC Article

13. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humerus diaphyseal fractures. Shetty MS, Kumar MA, Sujay K, Kini AR, Kanthi KG. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):520-6. PMID: 22144745 Free PMC Article

14. Primary nonunion of intertrochanteric fractures of femur: An analysis of results of valgization and bone grafting. Dhammi I, Jain A, Singh A, Rehan-Ul-Haq, Mishra P, Jain S. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):514-9. PMID: 22144744 Free PMC Article

15. Bicentric bipolar hip prosthesis: A radiological study of movement at the interprosthetic joint. Rai AK, Singh S, Kumaraswamy V, Khare G, Yadav V, Agarwal R. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):508-13. PMID: 22144743 Free PMC Article

16. Radiological assessment of cervical lateral mass screw angulations in Asian patients. Sureisen M, Saw LB, Wei Chan CY, Singh DA, Kwan MK. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):504-7. PMID: 22144742 Free PMC Article

17. Outcome of single level instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion using corticocancellous laminectomy bone chips. Patil SS, Rawall S, Nagad P, Shial B, Pawar U, Nene AM. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):500-3. PMID: 22144741 Free PMC Article

18. Comparison of one-stage anteroposterior and posterior-alone hemivertebrae resection combined with posterior correction for hemivertebrae deformity. Wang L, Song Y, Pei F, Liu L, Liu H, Kong Q, Li T, Zeng J. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):492-9. PMID: 22144739 Free PMC Article

19. New technologies for the enhancement of skeletal repair: Challenges and opportunities. Einhorn TA.

Indian J Orthop. 2011 Nov;45(6):489-91. No abstract available. PMID: 22144738 Free PMC Article

Regenerative Tendon and Ligament Healing: Opportunities with Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB-homodimer (rhPDGF-BB).

Intrinsic tendon healing in response to injury is a reparative process which often results in formation of scar tissue with functional and mechanical properties inferior to those of the native tendon. Development of therapies which can promote regenerative, rather than reparative, healing hold the promise of improving patient recovery from tendon and ligament injuries by producing tissue that is morphologically and functionally equivalent to the native tissue. One therapeutic approach that has been a frequent topic of investigation in the preclinical literature is the use of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) to augment tendon and ligament repair. Hee CK, Dines JS, Solchaga LA, Shah V, Hollinger JO. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22145770

Plate fixation versus intramedullary fixation for displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review

The optimal surgical approach for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture remains controversial. The objective of this systematic review is to compare functional outcome and complications after plate fixation and intramedullary fixation for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. R. Marijn Houwert, Frans-Jasper Wijdicks, Charlotte Steins Bisschop, Egbert-Jan Verleisdonk and Moyo Kruyt. International Orthopaedics. Online first Dec 2011 PDF

Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12) via PubMed

1. The effect of weekly risedronate on periprosthetic bone resorption following total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. [No authors listed] Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):989-90. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-23. No abstract available. PMID: 22147217

2. Posterior horn medial meniscal root repair with cruciate ligament/medial collateral ligament combined injuries. Wilson BF, Johnson DL. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):986-8. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-22. PMID: 22147216

3. Update on the Pharmacological Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Cancer Patients. Kennedy K, Patel H. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):982-5. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-21. PMID: 22147215

4. iPad Apps for Orthopedic Surgeons. Franko OI, Bhola S. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):978-81. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-37. PMID: 22147214

5. Total hip arthroplasty. Binazzi R. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):976-7. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-20. No abstract available. PMID: 22147213

6. Intraoperative fabrication of bone tamps for indirect reduction of depressed articular segments. Eichinger JK, Beingessner D. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):970-4. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-19. PMID: 22147212

7. Biomedical research and industry influence: some jasmine thoughts. Bouzidi R, Kooli M. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):932-3. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-01. No abstract available. PMID: 22147211

8. Radiologic case study. Sweis O, Lomasney LM, Lebioda K, Hijaz T, Ghanayem A. Orthopedics. 2011 Dec 1;34(12):925-1014. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-34. No abstract available. PMID: 22147210

Annals of Internal Medicine 2011 Dec 6;155(11) via PubMed

1.Hip fracture. Christmas C. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):ITC61. PMID: 22147729

2. Trends in knee pain and knee osteoarthritis. [No authors listed] Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):I46. No abstract available. PMID: 22147726

3. Knee pain and osteoarthritis: lessons learned and lessons to be learned. Gelber AC. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):786-7. No abstract available. PMID: 22147716

4. Cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Nayak S, Roberts MS, Greenspan SL. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):751-61. PMID: 22147714

5. Increasing prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: survey and cohort data. Nguyen US, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):725-32. PMID: 22147711

Foot and Ankle Clinics - Articles in Press

Hindfoot Varus and Neurologic Disorders. Fabian G. Krause, Lukas D. Iselin. 6 December 2011 (Article in Press DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2011.11.004)

Planning Correction of the Varus Ankle Deformity with Ankle Replacement. Ken-Jin Tan, Mark S. Myerson 5 December 2011 (Article in Press DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2011.11.005)

Anatomy of the Varus Foot and Ankle. Kelly L. Apostle, Bruce J. Sangeorzan. 2 December 2011 (Article in Press DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2011.11.001)

Treatment of Posttraumatic Varus Ankle Deformity with Supramalleolar Osteotomy Markus Knupp, Lilianna Bolliger, Beat Hintermann 8 December 2011 (Article in Press DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2011.11.007)

The Journal of Hand Surgery - Articles in Press

Pediatric Forearm Fractures: Spotting and Managing the Bad Actors. In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 December 2011 Dan A. Zlotolow

Chemotherapy Extravasation Injuries In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 December 2011 Jesse C. Hahn, Adam B. Shafritz

Single Versus Double End-to-Side Nerve Grafts in Rats. In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 December 2011 Nahoko Iwakura, Seiji Ohtori, Tomonori Kenmoku, Takane Suzuki, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Kazuki Kuniyoshi

The Fixation Strength of Scaphoid Bone Screws: An in Vitro Investigation Using Sawbones Material In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 December 2011 Louise A. Crawford, Eric S. Powell, Ian A. Trail

Reconstruction of an Entire Metacarpal and Metacarpophalangeal Joint Using a Fibular Osteocutaneous Free Flap and Silicone Arthroplasty In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 December 2011 Neil F. Jones, Brian P. Dickinson, Scott L. Hansen

In Iraq war, a revolution in battlefield medicine

The Iraq war ushered in dramatic advances in battlefield medicine, with the effects of homemade bombs leading the US military to radically change how it treats wounded soldiers. MedicalXpress