Use and efficacy of bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture healing.

Although the efficacy of BMPs as stimulators of bone repair has been demonstrated in model systems and clinical studies, the use of BMPs to enhance fracture healing in the clinical setting is still controversial. Issues such as when, where and how much of which BMP is the most effective and profitable to use still have to be elucidated. But optimisation of the BMP products used in combination with cheaper production methods will inevitably stimulate the clinical use of BMPs for bone fracture healing in the near future. Lissenberg-Thunnissen SN, de Gorter DJ, Sier CF, Schipper IB. Int Orthop. 2011 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:  21698428